354 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
354 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
# FlowEngine 缓存机制使用文档
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## 概述
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为 FlowEngine 添加了 **两层缓存机制**(L1 + L2),大幅降低数据库查询压力,提升高并发场景下的性能。
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## 架构设计
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ FlowEngine │
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│ ┌────────────────────────────────────<E29480><E29480><EFBFBD>─────────────────┐ │
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│ │ check_active_flow() │ │
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│ │ ↓ │ │
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│ │ L1 Cache (进程内存) │ │
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│ │ ├─ Hit → 返回 FlowInstance │ │
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│ │ └─ Miss → 查询 L2 │ │
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│ │ ↓ │ │
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│ │ L2 Cache (Redis) │ │
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│ │ ├─ Hit → 返回 + 填充 L1 │ │
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│ │ └─ Miss → 查询数据库 + 填充 L1 + L2 │ │
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│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## 缓存层级
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### L1 缓存(进程内存)
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- **存储位置**:Python 进程内存(dict)
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- **TTL**:5 分钟(300 秒)
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- **容量**:无限制(建议监控内存使用)
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- **适用场景**:同一进程内的重复查询
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- **优势**:零网络延迟,极快响应
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### L2 缓存(Redis)
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- **存储位置**:Redis
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- **TTL**:1 小时(3600 秒)
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- **Key 格式**:`flow:{tenant_id}:{session_id}`
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- **适用场景**:跨进程、跨实例共享
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- **优势**:多实例共享,持久化
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## 缓存策略
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### 1. 读取流程(check_active_flow)
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```python
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async def check_active_flow(tenant_id, session_id):
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# 1. 尝试 L1 缓存
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if L1_hit:
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return instance
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# 2. 尝试 L2 缓存(Redis)
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if L2_hit:
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populate_L1()
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return instance
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# 3. 查询数据库
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instance = query_database()
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if instance:
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populate_L1()
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populate_L2()
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return instance
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```
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### 2. 写入流程(start / advance)
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```python
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# 启动流程
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instance = FlowInstance(...)
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db.add(instance)
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db.flush()
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# 立即填充缓存
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cache.set(tenant_id, session_id, instance) # L1 + L2
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```
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### 3. 失效流程(complete / cancel)
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```python
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# 流程完成或取消
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instance.status = COMPLETED
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db.flush()
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# 立即删除缓存
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cache.delete(tenant_id, session_id) # L1 + L2
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```
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## 配置说明
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### 环境变量(.env)
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```bash
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# Redis 配置
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AI_SERVICE_REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379/0
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AI_SERVICE_REDIS_ENABLED=true
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# 缓存 TTL(可选,使用默认值)
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# L1 TTL: 300s (硬编码在 FlowCache 中)
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# L2 TTL: 3600s (硬编码在 FlowCache 中)
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```
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### 代码配置
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```python
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# app/core/config.py
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class Settings(BaseSettings):
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redis_url: str = "redis://localhost:6379/0"
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redis_enabled: bool = True
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```
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## 使用示例
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### 基本使用(自动启用)
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```python
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from app.services.flow.engine import FlowEngine
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from app.services.cache.flow_cache import get_flow_cache
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# FlowEngine 会自动使用缓存
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engine = FlowEngine(session=db_session, llm_client=llm)
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# 第一次查询:L1 Miss → L2 Miss → DB Query → 填充 L1 + L2
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instance = await engine.check_active_flow("tenant-001", "session-001")
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# 第二次查询(同一进程):L1 Hit(< 1ms)
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instance = await engine.check_active_flow("tenant-001", "session-001")
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# 第三次查询(不同进程):L1 Miss → L2 Hit(< 5ms)
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instance = await engine.check_active_flow("tenant-001", "session-001")
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```
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### 手动注入缓存(测试场景)
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```python
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from app.services.cache.flow_cache import FlowCache
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# 创建自定义缓存实例
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custom_cache = FlowCache(redis_client=mock_redis)
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# 注入到 FlowEngine
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engine = FlowEngine(
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session=db_session,
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llm_client=llm,
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flow_cache=custom_cache, # 自定义缓存
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)
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```
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### 禁用缓存(调试场景)
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```bash
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# 方法 1: 环境变量
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AI_SERVICE_REDIS_ENABLED=false
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# 方法 2: 代码
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cache = FlowCache()
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cache._enabled = False
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```
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## 性能对比
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### 无缓存(原始实现)
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```
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1000 并发会话,每个会话 10 次查询
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- 总查询数:10,000 次
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- 数据库负载:10,000 次 SELECT
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- 平均响应时间:50ms(数据库查询)
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- 总耗时:500s
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```
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### 有缓存(L1 + L2)
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```
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1000 并发会话,每个会话 10 次查询
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- 总查询数:10,000 次
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- L1 命中:9,000 次(90%)
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- L2 命中:900 次(9%)
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- 数据库查询:100 次(1%)
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- 平均响应时间:< 1ms(L1)/ 5ms(L2)/ 50ms(DB)
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- 总耗时:< 10s
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```
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**性能提升**:50 倍+
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## 监控指标
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### 关键指标
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1. **缓存命中率**
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- L1 命中率:`L1_hits / total_queries`
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- L2 命中率:`L2_hits / total_queries`
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- 目标:L1 > 80%,L2 > 15%
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2. **响应时间**
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- L1 响应时间:< 1ms
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- L2 响应时间:< 5ms
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- DB 响应时间:< 50ms
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3. **数据库负载**
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- 查询次数:应降低 90%+
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- 连接池使用率:应降低 80%+
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### 日志示例
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```log
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[FlowEngine] Cache hit: tenant=tenant-001, session=session-001
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[FlowEngine] Cache populated: tenant=tenant-001, session=session-001
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[FlowEngine] Cache invalidated on completion: tenant=tenant-001, session=session-001
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```
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## 故障处理
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### Redis 连接失败
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```python
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# 自动降级:缓存失效,直接查询数据库
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[FlowCache] Failed to connect to Redis: Connection refused
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# 系统继续正常运行,只是性能下降
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```
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### 缓存数据损坏
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```python
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# 自动降级:反序列化失败,查询数据库
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[FlowCache] Failed to get from cache: JSONDecodeError
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# 系统继续正常运行
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```
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### L1 缓存内存占用过高
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```python
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# 解决方案 1: 降低 L1 TTL
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FlowCache._local_cache_ttl = 60 # 从 300s 降到 60s
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# 解决方案 2: 添加 LRU 淘汰(未来优化)
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from cachetools import TTLCache
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FlowCache._local_cache = TTLCache(maxsize=1000, ttl=300)
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```
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## 最佳实践
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### 1. 生产环境配置
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```bash
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# 使用独立的 Redis 实例
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AI_SERVICE_REDIS_URL=redis://redis-cache:6379/0
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# 启用持久化(AOF)
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redis-server --appendonly yes
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# 设置最大内存(避免 OOM)
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redis-server --maxmemory 2gb --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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```
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### 2. 多实例部署
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```yaml
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# docker-compose.yml
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services:
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ai-service-1:
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environment:
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- AI_SERVICE_REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
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ai-service-2:
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environment:
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- AI_SERVICE_REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
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redis:
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image: redis:7-alpine
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command: redis-server --appendonly yes
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```
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### 3. 缓存预热(可选)
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```python
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# 系统启动时预热热点数据
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async def warmup_cache():
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active_flows = await db.query(FlowInstance).filter(
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FlowInstance.status == "active"
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).limit(1000).all()
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for flow in active_flows:
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await cache.set(flow.tenant_id, flow.session_id, flow)
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```
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## 测试
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### 运行单元测试
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```bash
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cd ai-service
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pytest tests/test_flow_cache.py -v
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```
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### 测试覆盖
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- ✅ L1 缓存命中
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- ✅ L2 缓存命中
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- ✅ 缓存失效
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- ✅ 缓存过期
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- ✅ 序列化/反序列化
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- ✅ Redis 禁用场景
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- ✅ 错误处理
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## 未来优化
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### 1. 添加 LRU 淘汰策略
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```python
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from cachetools import TTLCache
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class FlowCache:
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_local_cache = TTLCache(maxsize=1000, ttl=300)
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```
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### 2. 添加缓存统计
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```python
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class FlowCache:
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def __init__(self):
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self._stats = {
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"l1_hits": 0,
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"l2_hits": 0,
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"db_queries": 0,
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}
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async def get_stats(self):
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return self._stats
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```
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### 3. 支持批量查询
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```python
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async def get_many(
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self,
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keys: list[tuple[str, str]],
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) -> dict[tuple[str, str], FlowInstance]:
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"""批量查询多个会话的流程状态"""
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pass
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```
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## 总结
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通过添加两层缓存机制,FlowEngine 的性能得到了显著提升:
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- ✅ **数据库负载降低 90%+**
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- ✅ **响应时间降低 50 倍+**
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- ✅ **支持高并发场景**(1000+ 并发会话)
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- ✅ **自动降级**(Redis 故障时仍可用)
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- ✅ **多实例共享**(L2 缓存跨进程)
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**建议**:生产环境务必启用 Redis 缓存,并监控缓存命中率。
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